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Rules
Rules - Opening Pass out of turn
North, who was declarer, was considering her bid when West mistakenly bid "Pass"

What did the TD decide?
As no one had bid yet, West is penalised by having to bid "Pass" at his next turn but can bid normally afterwards.
Rule - Insufficent bid
West passes, North bids 1S and East overcalls 2D.
South has not noticed East's bid and bids 2D - an insufficient bid.

What is TD's ruling?
First of all, West can decide to accept the insufficent bid and the bidding continues on from 2D and no penalty is imposed on the offending player or pair.

Otherwise, South has to correct his bid - he now has two options (assuming that the 2D isn't a conventional bid)

1) Correct the bid to the next legal level - in this case 3D - and the auction continues without any futher penalties on the offending player or partner.

2) Change the bid to "Pass" or another legal bid in which case North is silenced for the rest of the auction.

Note: Double is not an option.

Rule - touching a card
You are South and declarer playing in 4 Spades.
Dummy has Ace, Queen,  5, 4 and 2 of Spades.
You play the 3 of spades from your hand, intending to finesse the Queen if West plays low.
West plays the 7 of Spades so you decide to play the Queen.

However, in trying to get the Queen, you touch the 4 and 2 to move them out of the way and then reach for the Queen. Your opponents call the TD and claim that you must play the 4 and not the Queen.

Are they correct?

Unfortunately, they are -  Rule 47 says

.3. Dummy's Card
A card in the dummy must be played if it has been deliberately touched by declarer except for the purpose of arranging dummy's cards, or of reaching a card above or below the card or cards touched.

So don't forget to say "Arranging" or call the card and let Dummy pick the card and play it.

Obviously, no one in St Crispins would call the TD for this - would they?
Rule - Revoking
At the end of the play, the N/S pair declare that the E/W pair revoked on a trick. The TD is called and after asking about the play transfers two tricks to the N/S pair from the E/W pair.

Is it always 2 tricks ? No

The laws 61 to 64 cover revokes - where a player does not follow suit when he holds a card in the suit played.

In this case, the revoke has been established, as the play has finished.

It's one trick if the offending player won the revoke trick and one trick if his side won any further tricks. If both happened, they lose two. So, a revoke can cost zero, one or two tricks.

Also, if it is clear that the non-offending side has not been sufficently compensated for the revoke, the TD can assign an adjusted score instead of the transferred tricks.