1.  1NT -  Generally 7 losers, but could vary between 6 & 8
2.  3♥  -   Minimum a 6-card Heart suit, not forcing. Should have about 8 losers & 8-9 HCP.
3.  4♥  -  3NT makes but 4H will make an extra trick!

Opening lead:  ♦7 or ♥J

1.  4♠  - Only 9 HCP, but has five card support, a void & just 6 losers.  If North had just replied 3S, South with 7 losers would have passed North’s 3S limit bid.

Opening Lead:  West leads ♦5 (MUD), NOT  ♣ Ace

1. 2♦  -  Correct bid is PASS, 2D bid solely to start the sequence of bids that follow.
2. 3♣  -  A forcing bid.
3. South's pass after East 2 diamond bid - A forcing Pass which tells partner your hand is minimum with no more than 14 HCP. If you’re not sure what to bid then leave it up to partner who has another bid.
4. 4♠  - Partner should have either at least 5 Spades in a minimum Hand, or 4 Spades with points for a NT rebid.

PLAN – Ruff the Diamond, & play a Heart. (East will never play the Queen). Loses to the Ace. Make 5S + 1H + 1D Ruff + 1D + 2C

1. 3♥ -  8 Losers.

Opening Lead: ♣Q

♣Q has to be a singleton, so win the trick, draw 3 rounds of trumps, ruff a Diamond in dummy. Play your Club winner & East will have to use his master trump if he wants to win the trick.
NOTE – It is a good policy to cater for the worst holding possible.

1. 2♣  -  Can’t bid 3♣ as that is CRO, or 4♣ as you are vulnerable.
2. 2♥  -  is forcing. 3♥  would be a hand of great strength.
3. North's pass after West 2♥ bid -  Great Club suit but 10 losers. Non-vuln against Vuln 4♣ would be fine as -3*=-500 & 4♥ =-620
4. 3♦ -  Only 5 losers, so OK to bid 3♦ 
5. South's pass after East's 3♦ -  South has bid his hand, not been supported, don’t carry on.
6. 5♣  -  Can’t use Blackwood with a void. A jump in Clubs must Agree Diamonds & show a void.

Opening Lead:  ♣ A. Ruff, & finesse 9 of Spades. Safest play

1. 1♥  -  Meets EBU Opening Rule of 20.
2. 2♣  - Non-Vuln. 11 HCP with 2 Aces. If partner is on lead quite happy for him to lead a Club.
3. 2♠ - 10(+) points, 5 card suit (at least), forcing bid.
4. 4♥ - 8 LTC suggest 3H, but holding K J x in partners second suit greatly improves your hand.

Opening Lead:: Ace of clubs.

1. 1♥  - Only bid available, needs 5 Spades to overcall & a Heart stop to bid 1NT.
2. 4♥  - 7 LTC & 5 Hearts. Don’t bid 3, partner might pass. You need clubs to be kind, but might expect that with West’s double. However, the lead is probably King of clubs

1. 1♠  - Too strong for a Weak 2
2. 2♦  - Too strong to bid 2♠ 
3. East's final pass - Very poor 11 – 4-3-3-3 shape & no 10’s so pass

Opening Lead:  ♣K. This would defeat a 3♠  contract.

NOTE – NEVER BID A WEAK 2 IF HOLDING 2 ACES OR A VOID

1. North's opening with a pass -  Best bid here would be 2S, this would force opponent’s to bid at the 3-level, taking up lots of their bidding space
2. 3♥  -  Forcing to game,over a 2-level response as you have points for game.
3. 4♣  - This shows a really good Club suit (Still forcing)
4. 6♣  - Only one loser off the top so no need for any further Investigation, just bid the Slam.