1 Heart.  You have "extra" but can let you partner know with your next bid.

i Heart.  Bid up the line.

1 Spade

Pass.  Not enough points to bid.  You clubs will help but too few points to mention them.

2 hearts.  Basic Opener.  No extra.

1 NT.

When Responder Bid 1 Spade they denied 4 Hearts.  

Bid 1 Spade.  ! Heart by the responder does not deny 4 Spades.

Bid 2 Spades.  Basic Opener and no extra.

2 Hearts.  You have 14 but responder had not limited their hand. They have 6+  They may pass.  

You have an 8 card fit.  "If you have a "suit" don't look for a "wardrobe"  Don't bid your Spades.

Bid 2 Spades.